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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, August 23, 1858. President Buchanan authorizes and directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “the envelope of a letter addressed to His Excellency Senor General Julian Castro, Provisional President of the Republic of Venezuela; on the formation of a provisional Gov’t for Venezuela.” Signed neatly at the conclusion by James Buchanan. In very good to fine condition, with a light crease and stain to the upper right corner, and light toning to the folds and edges.
The March Revolution of 1858 was a Venezuelan military uprising led by General Julián Castro (c. 1810–1875), governor of Carabobo, against the decade-long authoritarian rule of the Monagas brothers. Triggered by economic decline, corruption, and a controversial 1857 constitutional reform that extended presidential power, Castro united a broad coalition of liberals and conservatives and marched from Valencia toward Caracas. As his forces grew and government troops defected, President José Tadeo Monagas lost support and resigned on March 15, 1858, seeking refuge in the French consulate. The revolution established a provisional government under Castro, formally confirmed by a National Convention in Valencia later that year. Though it ended the Monagas regime and briefly restored hopes for constitutional rule, divisions soon weakened Castro’s leadership, and the instability helped ignite the Federal War (1859–1863) that followed.
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