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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, July 17, 1858. President Buchanan directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “a Full Power authorizing him to conclude & sign a Convention with Belgium, for regulating the Commerce & Navigation between the two countries.” Signed crisply at the conclusion by James Buchanan. In fine condition.
President Buchanan instructed Lewis Cass to finalize a Treaty of Commerce and Navigation with Belgium on June 17, 1858, an act that was ultimately proclaimed on April 19, 1859. The first article reads: ‘There shall be full and entire freedom of commerce and navigation between the inhabitants of the two countries, and the same security and protection which is enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of each country shall be guaranteed on both sides. The said inhabitants, whether established or temporarily residing within any ports, cities or places whatever of the two countries, shall not, on account of their commerce or industry, pay any other or higher duties, taxes or imposts than those which shall be levied on citizens or subjects of the country in which they may be; and the privileges, immunities and other favors, with regard to commerce or industry, enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of one of the two States, shall be common to those of the other.’
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