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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10.5, June 28, 1858. President Buchanan authorizes and directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “my ratification of the exchange copy of the additional article to the Convention for the surrender of criminals between the United States and France, of the 9th of November, 1843, and additional article thereto, of the 24th of February 1845.” Signed neatly at the conclusion by James Buchanan. In very good to fine condition, with a light diagonal crease to the lower left, and light creasing along the edges.
This document relates to a modification of the Convention for the Surrender of Criminals between the United States and France, which was signed on November 9, 1843, and served as the first extradition treaty between the two nations. An additional article was signed on February 24, 1845, to expand the treaty's coverage; the supplement added the crimes of robbery and burglary to the list of extraditable offenses.
A significant early step for both countries in the development of their international extradition laws, the 1843 treaty created the first formal mechanism for extraditing criminal fugitives between the two nations and established a framework for legal cooperation that was built upon in subsequent treaties. It addressed the growing need for international cooperation to prevent fugitives from escaping justice by fleeing to another country.
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