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Partly-printed DS as president, signed “R. B. Hayes,” one page, 7.75 x 10, June 21, 1878. President Hayes authorizes and directs "the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to my ratification of a consular convention concluded between the United States and His Majesty, the King of the Netherlands, May 23, 1878." Signed at the conclusion in ink by President Rutherford B. Hayes. In fine condition, with a light crease to the lower right corner.
The "Consular Convention" between the United States and the Netherlands, signed on May 23, 1878, and ratified by the president on June 21, 1878, was an agreement designed to define and protect the rights, privileges, and immunities of consular officials in each other’s territories. The convention established mutual recognition of consuls and set forth rules governing their duties, such as protecting citizens, overseeing maritime affairs, and handling estates of deceased nationals. It reflected the ongoing effort in the 19th century to formalize diplomatic and commercial relations through clear legal frameworks.
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