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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, February 15, 1837. President Jackson authorizes and directs "the Secretary of State to affix the seal of the United States to the Treaties between the United States and the following Indian tribes, viz: the Menomonie, the Sac and Fox, the Sioux of Wa-ha-shaw's tribe, the Sacs and Foxes of the Missouri, (residing west of the State of Missouri), the Otoes, Missouries, Omahaws, & Yankton & Santee bands of the Sioux." Boldly and prominently signed at the conclusion in ink by President Andrew Jackson. In fine condition.
This significant document relates to the proclamation of several separate treaties with Native American tribes, most of which had been negotiated and signed in the autumn of 1836. Among these were: the 'Treaty of the Cedars' with the Menominee Indian nation, ceding to the United States about 4,000,000 acres of Wisconsin land for $700,000; a treaty with the Sauk and Foxes, in which they ceded lands between the Missouri and Mississippi rivers in exchange for a $30,000 lump sum, 200 horses, and ten years of annual payments of $10,000 in specie; and other deals that saw large tracts of land surrendered in exchange for money, merchandise, supplies, and services (the Otoes and Missouries were furnished with 500 bushels of corn, while the Omahas were to have 100 acres of agricultural fields plowed).
President Andrew Jackson’s policy of westward expansion was driven by his vision of a growing, agrarian America, but it came at a tremendous cost to Native American communities. Jackson saw expansion as essential to economic opportunity for white settlers, particularly small farmers, yet his aggressive push for land acquisition led to the forced removal of Native American tribes.
His Indian Removal Act of 1830 facilitated the displacement of tens of thousands of Indigenous people, culminating in the Trail of Tears, where thousands perished on their way to designated lands in the West. While Jackson framed some of his policies as a means to preserve native cultures by relocating them beyond white settlements, in reality, his approach was marked by coercion, broken treaties, and immense suffering. Despite some instances of diplomacy—such as his early admiration for certain Native leaders—Jackson ultimately prioritized national expansion over native sovereignty, leaving a legacy of profound loss and displacement for indigenous peoples.
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