Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, August 22, 1860. President Buchanan directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to "the Treaty between the United States and the Delaware Tribe of Indians." Neatly signed at the conclusion in ink by President James Buchanan. In fine condition.
The Delaware Indians were, at one time, the most important of the Algonquian language group. Because they were assumed to be the original Algonquians, they were called 'grandfather' by the other tribes. In 1682, the Delaware made their first peace treaty with William Penn at Shackamaxon, near Philadelphia. At that time they occupied the basin of the Delaware River. More than any other tribe, the Delaware succumbed to the westward movement of the Indian ahead of the advancing settlement by the white man. By 1742, they had moved to the Susquehanna River, shortly afterward to the headwaters of the Allegheny, and by 1751, to eastern Ohio. Further migration took them through Indiana, Missouri, and Arkansas. In 1835 the Delawares occupied a reservation in Kansas, and then in the 1860s, were moved to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. The 1860 treaty with the Delaware Indians, concluded on May 30th and ratified August 22nd, involved the allotment of land in severalty to each tribal member and the sale of the remaining reservation land to the Leavenworth, Pawnee and Western Railroad Company.
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