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French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment (1689-1755), best known for his theory of the separation of powers—today a founding principle of many liberal constitutions throughout the world. ADS in French, signed “Montesquieu,” one page, 7.25 x 7.75, June 22 [1754]. Handwritten financial receipt in which Montesquieu acknowledges payment of a debt and grants a formal release, declaring the account settled and the debtor discharged from further obligation. Signed neatly at the conclusion by the noted philosopher. A pencil notation indicates the year as 1754. In very good to fine condition, with scattered light foxing and toning.
This routine financial receipt dates to the final year of Montesquieu’s life. The French philosopher and political theorist was then among the most influential intellectual figures in Europe, known above all for The Spirit of the Laws, the landmark work that helped shape modern constitutional thought and the principle of separation of powers. He remained active until his death, contributing to the Encyclopédie and refining his ideas on government, law, and society. Montesquieu died in Paris on February 10, 1755, less than eight months after signing this document. Signed material from Montesquieu is exceptionally scarce, and surviving examples of his hand are far less common than those of many of his Enlightenment contemporaries.
From the personal collection of a lifelong collector, teacher, and traveler with a passion for world history. His collecting years ranged from the 1970s to the present day, meaning that several of the premier pieces have not been on the market in decades.
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