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TLS in German, signed “A. Einstein,” one page on a 5.5 x 3.5 postcard, September 20, 1921. Letter to Eberhard Zwirner of Löwenberg, criticizing the work of the psychologist Wolfgang Köhler, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology. In full (translated): "Köhler adopts the concept of Gestalt as he understands it in physics and seeks analogies in the psychological realm. Of course, this analogy is useless in physics. He confronts similar problems (quantum theory), but as I said, he must strive to make progress using his own methods." In fine condition.
This letter captures Albert Einstein engaging with ideas beyond physics at a moment when both quantum theory and modern psychology were rapidly evolving. Writing shortly after his rise to global prominence, Einstein critiques Wolfgang Köhler’s attempt to draw parallels between physical concepts and Gestalt psychology, reflecting broader intellectual debates about whether scientific frameworks could cross disciplinary boundaries. Einstein insists on methodological rigor, relating his view that psychology, like physics, must develop through its own principles rather than borrowed analogies.
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