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LS as president, one page, 8.5 x 12.75, April 27, 1868. Official letter from the Executive Mansion to "W. J. Cullen, U.S. Special Indian Agent," in full: "Under authority conferred by the 3d Section of the Act of Congress approved February 27th 1851, relative to the negotiation of treaties with Indian tribes, you are hereby designated and appointed a Commissioner to negotiate treaties with the Indian tribes of Montana Territory, or such of them as it may be deemed advisable to make treaties with." Signed at the conclusion in ink by President Andrew Johnson, and countersigned by Secretary of the Interior Orville Hickman Browning; the letter also carries the Department of the Interior's embossed seal and ink stamp. In fine condition, with two small corner stains.
Acting in his official capacity, W. J. Cullen concluded three significant Indian treaties in the summer and fall of 1868: a 'Treaty with the Gros Ventre' (Fort Hawley, Montana Territory, July 13, 1868); a 'Treaty with the River Crow' (Fort Hawley, Montana Territory, July 15, 1868); and a 'Treaty with the Shoshone, Bannock, and Sheepeater' (Virginia City, Montana Territory, September 24, 1868). These reflected a broader U.S. policy of securing peace while restructuring Indigenous land use and sovereignty: each treaty required the tribes to cede vast traditional territories to the United States in exchange for smaller, defined reservations, federal protection, and annuities or assistance aimed at transitioning them toward sedentary agriculture.
The Western Americana auction of Jochen Zeitz.
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