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Partly-printed DS as president, one page, 8 x 10, July 10, 1866. President Johnson authorizes and directs the Secretary of State to affix the Seal of the United States to “the Proclamation of a Treaty between the United States and the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Indians, concluded on the 28th of April, 1866.” Signed neatly at the conclusion by Andrew Johnson. The document is affixed by its left edge inside a presentation folder, which also contains an original printed copy of the ‘Treaty with the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians, 1866.’ In very good to fine condition, with toning to the edges and folds, affecting only appearance.
This proclamation, which concerned a ‘Treaty Between the United States of America and the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians,’ was part of a series of treaties in 1866, collectively known as the Reconstruction Treaties, which aimed to restore peace and redefine the relationship between the U.S. government and various Native American tribes following the Civil War.
The intranational pact featured several key articles related to post-war amnesty, land and property, financial compensation, and the abolition of slavery within the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. The pact was instrumental in reuniting the Choctaw Nation, which had been divided during the war, with some members supporting the Union and others supporting the Confederacy; both Choctaw and Chickasaw slaveholders held Confederate sympathies due to concerns about the potential impact of Union policies on their slaveholding practices.
President Andrew Johnson's policies and actions toward Native Americans were complex and varied during his presidency. He inherited Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal policy aimed at relocating Native American tribes from their ancestral lands to reservations further west, and, as this document reveals, his administration negotiated treaties with Native American tribes with the goal of securing land for white settlers. While Johnson was sympathetic to the plight of Southern states, he faced conflicts with tribes allied with the Confederacy, a group that included the Choctaw and Chickasaw.
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