Partly-printed vellum DS as president, two pages, 11 x 14, September 28, 1831. A patent issued to “Mordicai Bull, A Citizen of the United States, [who] hath alleged that he has invented a new and useful improvement in manufacturing Shovels or Scoops from sheet iron, copper, tin, &c.” Signed at the conclusion by President Jackson and countersigned by Secretary of State Edward Livingston and Attorney General Roger B. Taney. The white paper seal affixed to the lower left remains intact. The second page, still attached by the original red ribbon, contains a description of the device which uses a mold and presser to form the blade of a shovel. In very good condition, with intersecting folds (one vertical fold passing through a single letter of the signature), moderate overall foxing and soiling, and brushing to Livingston’s signature. An uncommon document related to an improvement in manufacturing methods at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Pre-certified PSA/DNA.
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