Partly-printed vellum DS signed by Madison as president, “James Madison,” and Monroe as secretary of state, “Jas. Monroe,” one page, 10 x 15, December 28, 1811. Scalloped-top ship’s pass issued for “the Schooner Arrow, Pearl Durkee master and commander…mounted with four guns navigated with twenty men to pass with her Company Passengers Goods and Merchandise without any hindrance seizure or molestation of the said Schooner.” Bright white seal affixed to the lower left remains clean and intact but for two of the tips. In fine condition, with barely visible intersecting folds, light foxing and staining to edges (heaviest to upper right), and writing and signatures a shade or two light.
The Arrow was used as a cargo vessel trading between the United States and France, a hazardous task as Britain had imposed restrictions on such trade—they were at war with Napoleon and desired an all-out embargo to prevent supplies from reaching him, while also weakening the French economy. On May 8, 1812, the Arrow was returning from France laden with goods such as brandy, champagne, silk, nuts, and toys when the 38-gun frigate HMS Andromache, commanded by Captain Sir George Tobin, seized Arrow and her cargo. The British then took the Arrow to Plymouth Dockyard where between June 1812 and January 1813 she was re-fitted to be used by the Royal Navy. These types of trade restrictions and aggressive actions against US ships were a leading cause of the War of 1812. In addition to being signed by two presidents, the historical context of this document makes it a truly exceptional piece. Pre-certified John Reznikoff/PSA/DNA and RR Auction COA.
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