Italian pope (1792–1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, who ascended the papal throne in 1846. Among the notable achievements of his 32-year reign, the longest in Roman Catholic Church history, Pius convened the historic First Vatican Council, which included the doctrine of papal infallibility. LS in Latin, signed “Pius PP. IX.,” three pages on two adjoining sheets, 9 x 13, 1859. Crisply penned untranslated letter to Francisco II. Reverse of second page bears an address panel in another hand and retains most of its red wax seal. In fine condition, with intersecting folds and a small area of paper loss to edge of second page from seal. RR Auction COA.
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